AIANs and APIs are twice as likely to die from PPH than non-Hispanic Black or non-Hispanic White individuals. PPH is responsible for 9.7% of non-Hispanic Black and 9.1% of non-Hispanic White maternal deaths. PPH is the leading cause of death among American Indian and Alaska Natives (AIANs), accounting for 19.7% of all maternal deaths, followed closely by Asian Pacific Islanders (APIs) at 19.5% and 15.8% of all Hispanic maternal deaths. Maternal mortality rates due to PPH vary based on race and ethnicity. PPH occurs in an estimated 1% to 6% of all deliveries. Between 20, 11.1% of all maternal deaths were attributed to PPH. PPH is also one of the most common causes of maternal mortality in the US. This variation is attributed to a lack of resources, poor nutrition, limited maternal care, and the prevalence of diseases such as malaria, which affects the placenta (WHO, 2020). ![]() In the United Kingdom (UK), the rate of maternal death from PPH is 0.01% or 1 in 100,000 births compared to 20% or 1 in 1,000 births in low-income African areas. In low-income countries, PPH outcomes are poor compared to higher-income countries, and PPH is the primary cause of maternal mortality in low-income countries. Unfortunately, there is underreporting of the incidence of PPH, and some cases may be attributed to another cause of death. Every 4 minutes, an individual dies due to PPH. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), PPH is a complication in 14 million or 5% of all deliveries and is responsible for over 25% of maternal deaths worldwide. PPH is a global problem when it occurs, it is considered a medical emergency requiring immediate intervention. ![]() Postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) is the leading preventable cause of death among postpartum individuals. outline the nursing interventions used for PPH.summarize the benefits, risks, adverse effects, and monitoring parameters for drugs used for the treatment of PPH.explain the complications of PPH in the pregnant individual.describe the clinical features and diagnosis of PPH.analyze the risk factors and common causes of PPH.Upon completion of this module, learners will be able to: This learning activity aims to provide a comprehensive overview of postpartum hemorrhage (PPH), outlining the prevalence, risk factors, clinical features, causes, diagnosis, and evidence-based treatment modalities.
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